Article by hi joiney
Early history Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7 700 years ago when the 12 000 foot 3 700 160 m high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption Over the following millennium the caldera was filled with rain water forming today lake The Klamath Indians revered Crater Lake for its deep blue waters In 1853 three gold miners found the lake They named it Deep Blue Lake but because the lake was so high in the Cascade Mountains the discovery was soon forgotten In 1886 William Gladstone Steel accompanied a United States Geological Survey party led by Captain Clarence Dutton to survey Crater Lake The team carried a half ton survey boat the Cleetwood up the steep mountain slope and lowered it 2 000 160 feet 610 160 m into the lake During the visit Steel named many of the lake s landmarks including Wizard Island Llao Rock and Skell Head The lake natural beauty made a great impression on Steel As a result when he returned from survey trip he began advocating that Crater Lake be established as a national park On 22 May 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the Nation s sixth national park The United States Department of the Interior was charged with developing road access and visitor services for the park This was a difficult job because of the park remote location at the summit of the Cascade Mountains By 1905 a steep and tortuous road to the crater rim had been completed This access road was essential for the future development of the park In 1913 Congress appropriated funds for the Army Corps of Engineers to build a road around Crater Lake The initial road survey identified the northern end of Munson Valley three miles 5 160 km south of the rim as the best site for the road crew seasonal headquarters and supply depot Not only was Munson Valley a central location the surrounding valley provided timber for expanding the park facilities However United States entry into World War I slowed development of park infrastructure The road around the lake was finally finished 1918 Once the road was completed the National Park Service continued to use the Munson Valley site as a staging area for development projects throughout the park Government Camp By 1924 the Munson Valley facilities were known as Government Camp and the site had become the park summer headquarters Though the site had adequate space the facilities were poorly designed and cheaply constructed In 1925 National Park Service approved a master plan for developing Munson Valley The development program began in 1927 and was overseen by the National Park Service Landscape Engineering Division headed by Thomas C Vint The major components of the plan included construction of new administrative buildings a new maintenance area living quarters for park staff and seasonal employees and general support buildings Between 1927 and 1930 a park warehouse mess hall bear proof meat house comfort station with employee restrooms and showers four small cottages and two utility buildings were built All these structures were designed in a common rustic style using timber from nearby stands and locally quarried stone Ranger Dormitory in Plaza area of Munson Valley Historic District Between 1932 and 1936 houses for the park superintendent park naturalist and several other employees were completed along with four more utility buildings a second comfort station and a dormitory for park rangers The old log headquarters building was demolished and a new rustic stone structure built in its place The plaza in front of the new administration building had a landscaped island in the center with space to park 50 cars around the outside During this period Civilian Conservation Corps crews planted over a thousand trees and several thousand shrubs in the Government Camp area In addition many small features such as flagstone walks rustic signs stone bridges and drinking fountains were incorporated into the landscape In 1938 Government Camp was re named Park Headquarters by Superintendent Ernest P Leavitt Development in Crater Lake National Park was curtailed during World War II Maintenance became the primary concern of the park staff as Civilian Conservation Corps manpower disappeared with the onset of the war This began a period of decline in park facilities Park Headquarters Legend 1 Administration building 2 Ranger dormitory 3 Mess hall 4 Warehouse 5 Machine shop 8 Oil and gas house 13 Meat house 19 Superintendent s residence 20 Naturalist s residence 24 25 28 30 31 32 Residences 33 Stone shed garage 34 Hospital 36 Transformer building 37 Comfort station Munson Valley Historic District has 18 buildings After World War II the National Park Service began using the Munson Valley complex year around This had a tremendous impact on the historic landscape Many landscape features including curbing planting beds and walkways had to be removed in order to widen narrow road to accommodate snow plows Some porches had to be removed and snow tunnels were added to buildings for winter access In 1954 all of the planters lawns and walks around the employee cottages were removed to facilitate snow removal The traffic island near the upper group of cottages was also removed along with several utility buildings in the maintenance area to allow space for snow plows to turn around Over the years there were other changes as well The Fire Hall was demolished in 1969 In 1986 the ranger dormitory and the administration building were remodeled A new snow tunnel was added to the west side of the administration building replacing the south entrance tunnel built in 1958 In 1990 several rustic utility buildings were torn down and a gas station was removed in 1992 Despite the loss of landscape and original structures the headquarters complex still reflects the original Munson Valley master plan and is a good example of the National Park Service rustic architecture As a result the area was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 NRHP 88002622 The historic area was at first 7 5 160 acres 3 160 ha but was later reduced to 6 160 acres 2 160 ha Structures There are eighteen primary structures in the Munson Valley Historic District While most of the buildings have been remodeled they still reflect the rustic style of architecture which is the common design theme that makes the Munson Valley headquarters complex historically unique Munson Valley Historic District extends south from the Superintendent s Residence and ends at the park warehouse at the north end of the maintenance area The eighteen historic structures were built between 1926 and 1949 They include the from north to south the Superintendent s Residence the park Naturalist s Residence a cluster of staff residence cabins the Administration Building Ranger Dormitory Transformer Building Comfort Station Mess Hall Warehouse and Machine Shop Historic Park Superintendent s Residence The park Superintendent s Residence is located at north end of headquarters area It was constructed in 1933 The building footprint is 33 160 by 160 61 160 feet 10 160 m 160 160 18 6 160 m with a rustic stone superstructure and wood shake roof The first floor includes an entry hall living room with lava rock fireplace a dining room kitchen and bedroom with adjoining bathroom The second floor has four additional bedrooms and two bathrooms The building was framed in Douglas fir and the roof covered with cedar shakes The Crater Lake Superintendent s Residence is a U S National Historic Landmark and is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places NRHP 87001347 Today the building houses part of the park Science and Learning Center The park Naturalist s Residence is located between the Superintendent s Residence and the other employee houses near the north end of the historic district The building footprint is the same as the Superintendent s Residence however the floor plan is slightly different This first floor contained a living room with stone fireplace a kitchen breakfast room bedroom and bathroom There are three additional bedrooms and a bath room upstairs Today the building houses part of the park Science and Learning Center Rustic stone cottages for park employees The historic district also includes six rustic stone Employee Cottages built for park staff between 1927 and 1931 These housing units are designated as buildings 24 25 28 30 31 and 32 They are architecturally significant because they were part of the original Munson Valley headquarters master plan and were constructed in the rustic style using native stone and timber While aluminum roofs were added in the mid 1950s these units still retain their original character The park Administration Building was built with a rough stone first story with rustic superstructure It is 100 160 feet 30 160 m long and 40 160 feet 12 160 m wide The main entrance led into a public lobby with a large fireplace and wood paneled walls Offices for the superintendent assistant superintendent comptroller and information department were also on the first floor along with a large 42 160 by 160 15 160 feet 12 8 160 m 160 160 4 6 160 m room for the park clerical staff The second floor has six additional offices and two storage rooms The Ranger Dormitory was begun in 1932 but was not finished until 1936 due to lack of funds It is constructed of native stone and timber Originally the first floor had an entry hall men and women bathrooms and two living rooms each with its own stone fireplace The larger living room located in the north end of the building was for men A smaller living room plus three other rooms and a shower at the south end of the building were for women The second floor had four bedrooms a large 18 160 by 160 34 160 foot 5 5 160 m 160 160 10 4 160 m dormitory room a dark room storage room and men shower There is also a basement under the central portion of the building Today the National Park Service uses the building as its main visitor center The William G Steel Information Center is open to the public year round Visitor to the park can obtain general information park maps and backcountry permits at the center The center has exhibits and an audio visual program First aid care is also available at the center The historic district also includes various utility buildings including a mess hall meat house transformer building comfort station later converted to a sign shop warehouse and machine shop These buildings all share common structural design elements that typify the park rustic style of architecture including massive stone masonry rough sawn board siding stained timber beams dormer windows and steep pitched roofs Stone drinking fountain Ranger mess hall Supply warehouse Park machine shop At Munson Valley rustic structures successfully blend with the natural environment The buildings in the historic district are excellent examples of the rustic style of architecture and represent one of the National Park Service s most successful development programs In addition the landscape surrounding the historic district remains virtually intact As a result the Munson Valley Historic District is significant as an expression of American naturalistic design Access Park Administration Building under winter snow Munson Valley is located high in the Cascade Mountains 6 450 160 feet 1 966 160 m above sea level It is sixty miles 97 160 km north of Klamath Falls Oregon The Munson Valley Historic District is three miles 5 160 km south of Crater Lake and the Rim Village visitor area which is also a historic district NRHP 97001155 In the Crater Lake area winter lasts eight months with an average snowfall of 533 160 inches 1 354 160 cm per year and many snow banks remain well into the summer While most park roads are closed in the winter the park headquarters visitor center and the other Munson Valley facilities are open year around However winter storms make driving in the Crater Lake area unpredictable During the summer weather is generally warm but nights are often quite cool The National Park Service charges a 10 fee for private passenger vehicles entering the park Commercial vehicles are charged between 25 and 200 depending on the vehicle s capacity See also List of Registered Historic Places in Oregon List of National Historic Landmarks in Oregon References a b c Oregon Parks and Recreation Department 2007 07 16 Oregon National Register List http www oregonheritage org OPRD HCD NATREG docs oregon_nr_list pdf retrieved 2008 03 29 160 a b National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service 2009 03 13 http www nr nps gov 160 National Park Service National Register Information System http www cr nps gov NR research nris htm Retrieved 2008 03 29 160 a b c d e f g h i j Gilbert Cathy and Marsha Tolon History Cultural Landscape Recommendations Park Headquarters at Munson Valley Crater Lake National Park National Park Service Department of Interior July 1990 Crater Lake Like No Place Else on Earth Crater Lake National Park National Park Service United States Department of Interior 8 March 2008 a b Park History Crater Lake National Park National Park Service United States Department of Interior 8 March 2008 a b Gilbert Cathy A and Gretchen A Luxenburg Historic Overview The Rustic Landscape of Rim Village 1927 1941 National Park Service Department of Interior Seattle Washington 1990 a b Munson Valley Historic District National Register of Historic Places www nationalregisterofhistoricalplaces com 12 March 2008 a b Facts and Figures National Park Service Department of Interior Crater Lake Oregon November 2001 a b Green Linda W Summary of Important Structures Crater Lake Historic Resource Study National Park Service United States Department of the Interior Denver Colorado June 1984 a b c d e Green Linda W Construction of Government Buildings and Landscaping in Crater Lake National Park Crater Lake Historic Resource Study National Park Service Unite
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